紹介
Quantum Theory, together with the principles of special and general relativity, constitute a scientific revolution that has profoundly influenced the way in which we think about the universe and the fundamental forces that govern it. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory is a definitive historical study of that scientific work and the human struggles that accompanied it from the beginning. Drawing upon such materials as the resources of the Archives for the History of Quantum Physics, the Niels Bohr Archives, and the archives and scientific correspondence of the principal quantum physicists, as well as Jagdish Mehra's personal discussions over many years with most of the architects of quantum theory, the authors have written a rigorous scientific history of quantum theory in a deeply human context. This multivolume work presents a rich account of an intellectual triumph: a unique analysis of the creative scientific process. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory is science, history, and biography, all wrapped in the story of a great human enterprise. Its lessons will be an aid to those working in the sciences and humanities alike.
目次
Contents-Part 1.- General Introduction.- From the Bohr-Sommerfeld Theory to Quantum Mechanics.- The Gottingen Matrix Mechanics and Its Extensions.- Status of Quantum Mechanics in Early 1926.- Schrodinger's Work in Physics Prior to 1926.- Schrodinger's Personality and Method of Work.- Schrodinger and Wave Mechanics.- of this Volume.- I Schrodinger in Vienna (1887-1920).- 1.1 The Viennese Background.- An Apercu of Austrian and Viennese History.- The Viennese Culture.- Austrian Science up to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century.- The Foundation of Physics in Vienna.- Pioneers in Medicine and Psychoanalysis, Biology and Physiology.- Physiology, Physics and Cognition: Ernst Mach.- A Giant in Theoretical Physics: Ludwig Boltzmann.- Do Atoms Really Exist: Boltzmann or Mach?.- 1.2 The Young Erwin Schrodinger, His Youth and Study at the University of Vienna.- Schrodinger's Family and School Education.- Student at the University of Vienna.- Franz Exner and His School.- Fritz Hasenohrl and Theoretical Physics.- Felix Ehrenhaft and Other Viennese Experimentalists: The Search for Subelectrons.- Two Pioneers of Radioactivity: Stefan Meyer and Egon von Schweidler.- The Institut fur Radiumforschung in Vienna.- Relativity and Quantum Theory in Vienna.- Schrodinger as a Graduate Student.- 1.3 The Early Scientific Work of Erwin Schrodinger.- Assistant at the II. Physikalisches Institut.- Schrodinger's Paper on the Kinetic Theory of Magnetism.- Ambitious Speculations on the Kinetics of Dielectric Substances and on the Theory of Solids.- The Review Article on Dielectrics and a Paper on Anomalous Dispersion.- Research on Atmospheric Electricity in Vienna.- The Penetrating Radiation and a Paper of Schrodinger.- The Hasenohrl School.- Schrodinger and the Atomic Structure of Solids.- Lattice Dynamics and a Proof of the Atomic Structure of Solids.- 1.4 From Brilliant Pre-War to Dark War Days.- The Discovery of Cosmic Radiation (Hohenstrahlung).- The 85th Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte.- Einstein's Talk at Vienna and Its Consequences.- Schrodinger as Privatdozent.- World War I and the Physicists.- Artillery Officer Erwin Schrodinger.- Heavy Losses.- The Later War Years.- 1.5 Schrodinger's Scientific Work in World War I.- An Analysis of Smoluchowski's Work on Fluctuations.- On the Evaluation of Statistical Data.- The Ultimate Proof of Schweidler's Fluctations.- Schrodinger and Quantum Statistical Theory in Vienna.- Problems and Ideas Connected with General Relativity.- Physics and Philosophy.- Atomic and Quantum Theory.- II Waves and Quanta: Preludes to Wave Mechanics.- II.1 The Dual Nature of Light.- The Origin of the Classical Concepts of Particles and Waves.- X- and ?-Rays.- Bragg's Corpuscular-Pair Theory of ?-Rays.- Heat Radiation and Its Description (1777-1900).- The Hypothesis of Light-Quanta (1905-1909).- Proof of the Light-Quantum (1916-1922).- II.2 The Side-Stages of the Development in Quantum Theory.- Early Centres of Quantum Theory: Berlin, Berne, Copenhagen, Munich.- Post-World War Centres and the Sommerfeld School.- Side-Stages: Breslau and Vienna.- Adolf Smekal and Quantum Theory in Vienna (1919-1923).- The Physikalische Berichte and the Encyklopadie Article
Start of Otto Halpern.- Paris and Modern Physics from 1900.- Quantum Theory in Post-War Paris: Dauvillier, L. Brillouin and L. de Broglie.- II.3 A Newcomer to Zurich: Erwin Schrodinger.- The Zurich Background: History of the City, University and E.T.H..- Mathematics and Physics at the E.T.H. (1855-1900).- Einstein, Debye and von Laue at the University of Zurich (1909-1914).- Physics in Zurich until 1920: Greinacher, Meyer, Bar, Ratnowsky, Wolfke.- Environment after World War I: Weyl, Debye, Scherrer, Schrodinger.- Development of Colour Theory from Newton to Schrodinger.- Colour Metric.- Causality and Chance: The Nature of Physical Laws.- II.4 Atomic Structure and Physiological Optics: General Research.- Programme of Schrodinger in Zurich (1922-1925).- Getting into the Theory of Atomic Structure.- Schrodinger's First 'Student': Erwin Fues.- A Letter from Fritz London Concerning an Extension of Weyl's Theory.- A Notable Property of Quantum Orbits.- Light-Quantum, Doppler Effect and Compton Effect.- Statistical Energy and Momentum Conservation.- Scientific Exchange with Sommerfeld.- Work on Colour Vision.- Last Papers on Colour Theory.- II.5 Problems and Extensions of Statistical Mechanics.- Isotopes and Gibbs' Paradox.- Extension of the Theory of the Specific Heats of Solids.- Thermal Equilibrium Between Light and Acoustic Rays.- Outlines of a Book on 'Molecular Statistics' and Related Unpublished Notes.- Handbook Article on Specific Heats and a Scattered Publication.- Specific Heat of the Hydrogen Molecule.- The Problem of Gas Degeneracy.- Planck's Problematic Division by N!.- Towards a New Statistics?.
